different from one another? Autism is a developmental disability that affects a person's ability to communicate, understand language, play, and interact with others. Autism is a behavioral syndrome, which means that its definition is based on patterns of behaviors that a person exhibits. Autism is not an illness or a disease. It is not contagious and, as far as we know, it is not acquired through contact with the environment. Autism is a neurological disability that is presumed to be present from birth and is always apparent before the age of three. Although autism affects the functioning of the brain, the specific cause of autism is unknown. In fact, it is widely assumed that there are most likely multiple causes, each of which may be manifested in different forms, or subtypes, of autism. Future research will help us understand the etiologies of autism. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that prevents people from understanding what they see, hear or sense. ASD affects reasoning, social interaction and communication. It can affect the functioning and development of the brain and is usually evident before a child turns three years old. It is a spectrum disorder, which means there is a wide variation in how it affects children. ASD occurs in approximately 1 in 500 children and is four to five times more common in boys than girls. The causes are still unknown. There is no medical test for ASD. Assessment and diagnosis should involve an experienced multi-disciplinary team. For now there is no cure for ASD. There are, however, highly effective treatment and intervention methods available that can help individuals and their families manage this disorder. Many children with ASD can learn to communicate effectively, share in family life and attend school. Possible Indicators of Autism Spectrum Disorders Does not babble, point, or make meaningful gestures by 1 year of age Does not speak one word by 16 months Does not combine two words by 2 years Does not respond to name Loses language or social skills Some Other Indicators Poor eye contact Doesn't seem to know how to play with toys Excessively lines up toys or other objects Is attached to one particular toy or object Doesn't smile At times seems to be hearing impaired Asperger Syndrome or (Asperger's Disorder) is a neurobiological disorder named for a Viennese physician, Hans Asperger, who in 1944 published a paper which described a pattern of behaviors in several young boys who had normal intelligence and language development, but who also exhibited autistic-like behaviors and marked deficiencies in social and communication skills.
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